A total of 963 jujube germplasms were analyzed by SSRs to construct the core collection and germplasm resource management database21. Yuan, Z., Lu, Y., Zhao, J. Jujube research can be roughly divided into five periods as follows10. Sin.41, 14951510 (2014). Test Guideline for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) The assembly (437.6Mb) covered 98.6% of the estimated jujube genome (444Mb), and 32,808 protein-coding genes were predicted (http://jujube.genomics.cn/page/species/index.jsp). Pap. Q: Are Jujube trees invasive? & Li, X. Transcript analyses of ethylene pathway genes during ripening of Chinese jujube fruit. BMC Genom.20, 568 (2019). Jujube benefits the body in its ability to support sleep and gut health. Genome-wide screening of SSR markers and reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis. Competitive interaction in jujube tree/cotton agroforestry system in Liu, M. Advances in taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. J. Hortic. In this period, the first jujube research monograph Da Zao Pu, written by Liu Guan (Yuan dynasty, 1300), which recorded 71 jujube cultivars, was published. Roots were sampled by auger in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old jujube tree/wheat intercropping and in sole wheat and 2-, 4- and 6-year-old sole jujube down to 100cm depth in the soil profile. Studies have also proven that sugar transport plays a significant role in sugar accumulation15,28 and jujube fruits have characteristics of nonclimacteric fruits15,29. However, high-efficiency, low-cost practical management systems for fruit cracking and fruit shrinking disease have not been developed; these conditions have a great influence on jujube yield and quality. Ji, Q. Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers and analysis of chloroplast diversity in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Technol.33, 396402 (2015). Some gene families involved in phytoplasma and cold stress and flower and fruit development were identified and analyzed at the genome level22,23,24,32,33,34. Pruning is necessary if you want to keep your Jujube tree down to a manageable height. Shandong Fruits17, 13 (1985). spinosa enhances salt tolerance conferred by active, diverse stress responses. et al. proposed that jujube evolved from wild sour jujube1 based on a systematic study of ancient books, ecological distributions, karyotyping, palynology, and isoenzymes as well as of the transitional types between jujube and sour jujube1. Mech.34, 2630 (2013). Agrofor Syst 61:237255, Li FD, Meng P, Fu DL, Wang BP (2008) Light distribution, photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding (2006). The same depth should be used to plant bare-root trees as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding (2011). & Li, H. Nutrient composition analysis of jujube from different habitats. In recent decades, agroforestry has been rapidly Liu, X., Chen, L., Wang, J., Li, L. & Peng, J. To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. Zhang, X. Metabolomic Approaches Reveal the Physiological Mechanism of China Cointree as Jujubes Stock in Resistance to Jujube Witches Broom. J. The basic ideas for jujube research in the future are as follows: serve the producers, consumers, marketers, government, and society at the same time; learn from experiences with other fruit trees; align with modern global agricultural development, including the reduction of chemical pesticides and environmentally friendly approaches153; carry out innovative research in various fields, multiple levels, and through whole industrial chains; and strongly support the advancement of science and technology for the jujube industry in the new era. Hortic. An excellent new cultivar of Chinese jujube with high resistance to jujube witches broom disease Xingguang. Acta Hortic. Sci. J. However, green shoot cuttings (semilignified primary extension shoots, secondary shoots, and bearing shoots) root much more easily and have a high reproductive coefficient. Jujube research in the future should more precisely respond to the needs of industry, markets, and government and could even actively create and lead these demands. It is expected to become one of the most promising fruit trees in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Studies on the storage and fresh-keeping of Chinese date (Ziziphus jujuba Mill). spinosa. In addition, 11 jujube cultivars were recorded in Erya, a book written 2600 years ago. In the two cases mentioned above, all the offspring from self-fruitless or self-sterile parents can be directly regarded as authentic hybrids. Acquirement of endosperm triploid and its biology and cytology 1978-1984. Stnic, F. & Vasile, S. A. Chinese datea new promising fruit plant for Romania southern areas. Studies of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense, dwarfed fruit . Optimization of extraction conditions of -carotene in Chinese jujube fruits. Fruit. I've heard horror stories of the roots actually damaging water pipes to get to a water source. Xu, C. et al. Second, jujube fruits can satisfactorily meet the various needs of consumers. Liu, M. Chinese jujube: botany and horticulture. Auto-tetraploids differ greatly from their diploid counterparts in their morphology, cytology, and nutrient content79. Hortic Res 7, 119 (2020). & Liu, M. Discovery and evaluation of natural mixoploid (2x + 4x) variants in Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Jujube (cv. (China Forestry Publishing House, 2013). Therefore, the development of jujube can make efficient use of marginal lands, improve the environment, and provide farmers in rural regions with an agricultural industry that is easy to manage and provides high revenues. Food Sci.33, 4851 (2012). Hypobaric storage can delay ripening and aging and inhibit the fermentation of jujube fruit by providing low-temperature, low-oxygen storage conditions123. However, jujubes and sour jujubes are very closely related, with cross-compatibility and transitional types between them. Tortuosa), f. lageniformis (Nakai) Kitag. 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. Fruit. Eleven jujube cultivars were recorded in Erya, written 2600 YA. Peng, Y. J. Acta Hortic.769, 265269 (2006). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Propagation is by seeds, although the commercial varieties must be propagated vegetatively by suckers, root cuttings, or grafting. This practice could lead to soil water depletion. The flesh is as sweet as honey and as crisp as an apple or pear. Qu, Z. et al. Yan, F. Large-scale Creation and Hereditary Variation of Hybrids in Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.). After the Asian Olympic Games in Beijing in 1990, dense cultivation was developed for dwarf fresh jujube, and even superdense plantings (grass orchards) with densities of up to 15,000 plants per hectare were established. Sci.32, 12531257 (2015). intercropping of cotton/9-year-old jujube trees. When I planted my Jujube as a bare root tree, I chopped it down to knee height about 2 feet tall and it finished the summer around 9 feet. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. proposed that they could be treated as two different species, Z. jujuba Mill. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small candies called jujubes. Sin.32, 496499 (2005). It can grow and bear well where normal grain, cotton, oil crops, vegetables, and fruit trees cannot survive. Genome-wide characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in Chinese jujube and jujube SSR primer transferability. J. Sin.45, 14231424 (2018). Sci.36, 13691381 (2019). This period has lasted for over 70 years. Stnic, F., Dicianu, D. E., Butcaru, A. C. & Iliescu, L. M. Preliminary results about Romanian consumers preferences on jujube fruits. Ideally, their root system wants to be kept slightly moist, but not wet. In the past 20 years, postharvest treatment technology for Chinese jujube has made great progress. For Sci 48:7784, Jose S, Gillespie AR, Seifert JR, Mengel DB, Pope PE (2000) Defining competition vectors in a temperate alley cropping system in the mid-western USA. Exp Agric 16:217228, Ong CK, Black CR, Marshall FM, Corlett JE (1996) Principles of resource capture and utilization of light and water. J. Ningxia Agric. Moreover, 2000 years ago, jujube had spread throughout China, large-scale jujube commercial production areas had developed, and jujube had become one of the five most important fruit trees in China, namely, peach, apricot, plum, chestnut, and jujube. This new technology synchronously produces multiple products such as cyclic nucleotides, dietary fiber, and jujube oil from one raw material103. Generally, it is best to repot it from March to may in spring. Roots in each plot were sampled vertically by auger to a depth of 100 cm at 20-cm intervals and horizontally . Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. The Resistance of Jujube Trees to Jujube Witches' Broom - Springer Liu, M. et al. Recently, some excellent new cultivars for fresh eating, such as Jinsi 4, Yueguang, Zaohongmi, Zaocumi, and Zaoqiuhong, and some for dehydration, such as Yuangling 2, Shuguang, Zanshuo, Yushuai, and Linhuang 1, with larger fruit, higher quality and higher resistance to fruit diseases than traditional cultivars, have become the dominant cultivars. Hao, Z., Dai, L., Wang, J., Wu, X. Fruit. ), sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Liu et Cheng) and Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana L.). Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology (2022), Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (2022), Horticulture Research (Hortic Res) Zhao, Z., Liu, M. & Tu, P. Characterization of water soluble polysaccharides from organs of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Zhao, Z., Liu, M. & Tu, P. A bioactive polysaccharide isolated from the fruits of Chinese jujube. Process.2, 5255 (2010). Acta Hortic. Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (2016). It was discovered that an autotetraploid sour jujube had higher tolerance to salinity than the diploid, and its preliminary molecular mechanism was illustrated80,81. Chem. research in Romania. In addition, other books such as Descriptors and Data Standards for Jujube Germplasm56, Test Guidelines for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stabilityjujube57, Technical Regulators for the Identification of Jujube Cultivars-SSR Marker Method provide references and technical standards for character selection, data collection, testing, and identification in jujube germplasm studies.