In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Vomiting. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. 0000057176 00000 n 0000003791 00000 n [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. LINDANE A REVIEW OF TOXICITY AND Fresh air, rest. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. In humans, lindane primarily affects the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and may be a carcinogen and/or endocrine disruptor.[1][2]. Further see Ingestion. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. startxref Lindane [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. Well closed. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. Perspectives of lindane (-hexachlorocyclohexane) For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. Routes of exposure The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. DEA methoxycinnamate. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [6] They are second line treatments, meaning they are prescribed only when first-line therapies have failed, cannot be tolerated or are otherwise contraindicated. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. 0000050404 00000 n Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA Interpretation Response | PHMSA WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. (see also Regulatory Status). This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and %PDF-1.6 % FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. Rest. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. 0000003168 00000 n Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. trailer 0000005726 00000 n Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. 0000003713 00000 n WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. It is also a recognised irritant. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. United Nations Environment Programme - POPs 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B This may result in convulsions. 49 CFR 172.322 - Marine pollutants. | Electronic Code Inhalation risk Medical observation is indicated. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. pollution