An attempt was made on Coligny's life a few days later on August 22[18] as he made his way back to his house from the Louvre. western civ 14&15.docx - Brad Pennington Western Civ [60] Many Catholic authors were exultant in their praise of the king for his bold and decisive action (after regretfully abandoning a policy of meeting Huguenot demands as far as he could) against the supposed Huguenot coup, whose details were now fleshed out in officially sponsored works, though the larger mob massacres were somewhat deprecated: "[one] must excuse the people's fury moved by a laudable zeal which is difficult to restrain once it has been stirred up". Were sorry, but WorldCat does not work without JavaScript enabled. According to Denis Crouzet, Charles IX feared a Protestant uprising, and chose to strangle it at birth to protect his power. In the Holy Innocents' Cemetery, on Sunday, 24, at noon, a hawthorn bush, that had withered for months, began to green again near an image of the Virgin. [81][pageneeded], According to Jean-Louis Bourgeon, the violently anti-Huguenot city of Paris was really responsible. Louis governed the Principality of Orange around Avignon in southern France for his brother William the Silent, who was leading the Dutch Revolt against the Spanish. Other theories about who was ultimately responsible for the attack centre on three candidates: The attempted assassination of Coligny triggered the crisis that led to the massacre. [42] Other estimates are about 10,000 in total,[43] with about 3,000 in Paris[44] and 7,000 in the provinces. The rituals around the royal marriage had only intensified this cleavage, contrary to its intentions, and the "sentiments of estrangement radical otherness [had come] to prevail over sentiments of affinity between Catholics and Protestants". "The massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day was an affair between neighbors The Edict of Boulogne (25 June, 1573) put an end to it, granting to all Huguenots amnesty for the past and liberty to worship in those three towns. [20] Fears of Huguenot reprisals grew. Earlier Huguenot rage at Nimes (in 1567) led to the massacre of twenty-four Catholics, mostly priests and prominent laymen, at the hands of their Protestant neighbours. It took all the queen mother's skill to convince the Cardinal de Bourbon (paternal uncle of the Protestant groom, but himself a Catholic clergyman) to marry the couple. Modern writers put the number at 3,000 in Paris alone. Jarnac; La Roche-l'Abeille; Poitiers; Orthez; Moncontour; Saint-Jean d'Angly; Arney-le-Duc, Fourth; 157273 The Catholic Reformation A. Ignatius of Loyola & the Society of Jesus B. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Huguenots - New Advent Nowhere was this system more fully and expertly articulated than by the Republic of Venice in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. [25] Recent research by Jrmie Foa, investigating the prosopography suggests that the massacres were carried by a group of militants who had already made out lists of Protestants deserving extermination, and the mass of the population, whether approving or disapproving, were not directly involved.[26]. Body counts relating to other payments are computed from this. A riveting account of the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, its origins, and its aftermath, this volume by Barbara B. Diefendorf introduces students to the most notorious episode in Frances sixteenth century civil and religious wars and an event of lasting historical importance. Also, in his biography The World of Christopher Marlowe, David Riggs claims the incident remained with the playwright, and massacres are incorporated into the final acts of three of his early plays, 1 and 2 Tamburlaine and The Jew of Malta see above for Marlowe and Machiavellism. The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Macmillan Learning [6] The Parlement's opposition and the court's absence from the wedding led to increased political tension. motivations which lead to this savage action. The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre is the setting for Tim Willocks' historical novel, The Twelve Children of Paris (Matthias Tannhauser Trilogy:2), published in 2013. Another novel depicting this massacre is Queen Jezebel, by Jean Plaidy (1953). Lesson 1 - French Wars of Religion Unit 6 Flashcards | Quizlet At this time, in an age before mass media, "the pulpit remained probably the most effective means of mass communication".[84]. Report by the merchants' provost (Aug. 23, 1572) -- 19. Impact California Social Studies World History, Culture, and Geography The Modern World [8] The rise in food prices and the luxury displayed on the occasion of the royal wedding increased tensions among the common people. See also: Pearl, Jonathan L. (1998), Holt (2005 ed. That novel has been translated into English and was made first into a commercially successful French film in 1954, La reine Margot (US title "A Woman of Evil"), starring Jeanne Moreau. 154, The Jewish Encounter with Hellenism: The Maccabees' Rebellion 161, Chapter 5 The Civilization of Ancient Rome 169, A Mummy from the Time of the roman empire (100 C.E.) 33. By focusing on describing the political and religious context for the massacre at the, beginning, the author demonstrates the severity of the event. He stayed in Paris for three days and made eleven speeches. One of the first victims was Coligny, who was killed under the supervision of Henry de Guise himself. [58] Even Tsar Ivan the Terrible expressed horror at the carnage in a letter to the Emperor. King Charles IX of France was Catherine's second son to sit on the . 9395 for a different emphasis. Henry IV and the Edict of Nantes (1598). Elizabeth restores the Church of England (1558- ) The bodies of the dead were collected in carts and thrown into the Seine. After St. Bartholomew's the Huguenots, though bereft of their leaders, rushed to arms. Orlans, Meaux, Angers, La Charit, Saumur, Gaillac and Troyes. 136, Alexander the Great and the Limits of Conquest 150, Hellenistic Architecture in the Near East (c. 175 C.E.) Many Protestants were nobles or bourgeois and Frieda adds that "a number of bourgeois Catholic Parisians had suffered the same fate as the Protestants; many financial debts were wiped clean with the death of creditors and moneylenders that night". Forging memory: the aftermath of the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre Donnelly, 66, served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 2007 to 2013, representing Indiana's 2nd Congressional District, and was a U.S. senator from 2013 to 2019. The king's Swiss mercenaries were given the task of killing a list of leading Protestants. At the low end are figures of about 2,000 in Paris[41] and 3,000 in the provinces, the latter figure an estimate by Philip Benedict in 1978. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He is the author of, Perspectives from the Past: Primary Sources in Western Civilizations / Edition 7, Learn how to enable JavaScript on your browser. The Catholic response to a Huguenot plot / Claude Haton (1572) -- 18. ", This page was last edited on 23 April 2023, at 14:41. It was in this context that the massacre came to be seen as a product of Machiavellianism, a view greatly influenced by the Huguenot Innocent Gentillet, who published his Discours contre Machievel in 1576, which was printed in ten editions in three languages over the next four years. The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre and the events surrounding it were incorporated into D.W. Griffith's film Intolerance (1916). 34. A.P. Euro Chapter 15 terms Flashcards | Quizlet